Armenia is a small landlocked country in the Caucasus region, bordered by Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. It is one of the oldest civilizations in the world, with a rich and diverse history and culture. But did you know that Armenia also has a long and deep connection with India, dating back to ancient times?
The Ancient Trade Routes
According to “The Daily Star” (Sept. 4, 2006) of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Armenian traders visited the Indian subcontinent as early as 2000 BC. They followed the Silk route, a network of trade routes that connected Asia, Europe, and Africa. They crossed the rugged mountains and the vast deserts, carrying spices, muslin, and precious stones. They also brought their language, religion, and art to India, and learned from the local cultures and traditions.
The Armenian traders established their presence in various parts of India, such as Gujarat, Bengal, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. They built churches, schools, and cemeteries, and contributed to the social and economic development of the regions. They also forged ties with the local rulers and communities, and enjoyed a high degree of respect and autonomy.
The Mughal Era
The Armenian community in India reached its peak during the Mughal era, especially under the reign of Emperor Akbar, who ruled from 1556 to 1605. Akbar was known for his tolerance and patronage of different religions and cultures. He granted the Armenians freedom of trade, religion, and exemption from taxation. He also allowed them to enter areas where foreigners were banned.
One of Akbar’s wives, Mariam Zamani, was an Armenian princess, who gave birth to his son and successor, Jahangir. Akbar also adopted an Armenian boy, Miraz Zul Qumain, who became a governor, poet, and singer. He was known for his loyalty and bravery, and was given the title of “Khan-i-Azam” (the great khan).
Other prominent Armenians who served in the Mughal court were Abdul Hai, the chief justice of the emperor, and Domingo Peres, the emperor’s interpreter. They played important roles in the administration and diplomacy of the empire, and were trusted and respected by the emperor.
The Legacy
The Armenian community in India declined after the Mughal era, due to various factors such as political instability, economic decline, and religious persecution. Many Armenians migrated to other countries or returned to their homeland. However, they left behind a lasting legacy of their culture and heritage in India.
Today, there are still some Armenian monuments and landmarks in India, such as the Armenian Church of the Holy Nazareth in Kolkata, the Armenian College and Philanthropic Academy in Kolkata, the Armenian Cemetery in Chennai, and the St. Thomas Mount in Chennai, where the Armenian martyr St. Thomas is believed to be buried.
There are also some Armenian festivals and events that are celebrated in India, such as the Armenian Christmas on January 6, the Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day on April 24, and the Armenian Cultural Festival in Delhi.
The Armenian community in India may be small and scattered, but it is still active and vibrant. It maintains its identity and traditions, while also embracing the diversity and richness of India. It is a testament to the enduring friendship and cooperation between the two nations, and a reminder of the shared history and culture that binds them together.
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