Historical Background
The Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta, located on the island of Torcello in the Venetian Lagoon, stands as a monumental testament to the architectural brilliance of Isaac the Armenian, an Exarch of Ravenna. According to inscriptions on the wall of the Basilica, it was founded by Isaac in the year 639 AD. The structure that exists today was built in the middle of the 9th century and underwent significant renovation in the early 11th century.
A Blend of Architectural Styles
The church exemplifies a harmonious fusion of Byzantine, Venetian, and early Gothic architectural styles—a blend sometimes referred to as “Byzantine-Venetian.” One of the most striking features of the basilica is its facade, adorned with columns linked by arches on the upper level. Its baptistery can be traced back to the 7th century, further emphasizing its historical significance.
A Repository of Byzantine Mosaics
Another remarkable feature of the Basilica is its ensemble of well-preserved Byzantine mosaics from the 11th and 12th centuries. These mosaics provide invaluable insights into the art and iconography of the era.
The Campanile
The towering campanile (bell tower) that stands beside the church served as a unique form of lighthouse for fishermen in the northern part of the lagoon for many years. The view from this campanile offers panoramic sights of what is often referred to as the “dead lagoon.”
Turbulent Times: The Eventful Year of 640 AD
In the year 640 AD, Roman troops, quartered in Rome and discontented over unpaid salaries, were incited by an official named Maurikios to seize treasures from the Papal residence—the Lateran Palace. After a three-day siege, the palace was taken, and the loot was used to pay the troops. The remaining treasures were sent to Constantinople, to Emperor Heraclius, by Isaac. Using the proceeds, Maurikios attempted a coup to seize power in Rome and declare independence from Byzantium but was arrested and later executed by the Exarch.
Isaac’s Military Campaigns
Isaac led fluctuating military campaigns against the Lombards, culminating in a defeat near the Panaro River in 643 AD, where he was also killed.
The Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta in Torcello is not just a religious structure but a multidimensional historical monument that echoes the life and times of Isaac the Armenian and the complex geopolitical scenario of 7th-century Italy. It stands as a tribute to the cultural exchange and synthesis of styles that characterize Venice’s rich history, and it remains an essential visit for anyone interested in the confluence of Byzantine, Venetian, and early Gothic influences.
Related link: www.venicethefuture.com
Images Source: Gayane Ayvazyan Հայաստան Armenia Армения
