Armenia – Armina – Harminuya – Urartu: Different Names of One State

The historical and linguistic connections between Urartu and Armenia have long been a subject of scholarly debate. Despite the extensive research into linguistic, cultural, and genetic similarities or differences, one piece of evidence stands out as both necessary and sufficient to prove that Urartu and Armenia are names for the same state in different languages: the Behistun Inscription.

The Behistun Inscription

The Behistun Inscription is a trilingual cuneiform text carved into the Behistun rock by order of King Darius I, detailing events from 523-521 BC. This inscription is crucial because it provides the name of Armenia in various ancient languages:

• Old Persian: Armina
• Elamite: Harminuya
• Akkadian: Urartu

These variations in the name of Armenia across different languages highlight the historical continuity and recognition of the region by various ancient civilizations.

Historical Context

In ancient times, different peoples referred to the country of Armenia by various names. While many of these names have disappeared along with the languages that used them, the name “Hayastan” has endured. Armenians have consistently called their country Hayastan since its inception, preserving their cultural and historical identity through the ages.

Conclusion

The Behistun Inscription serves as definitive proof that Urartu and Armenia are simply different names for the same state, used by different cultures and languages. This evidence underscores the deep historical roots of Armenia and its enduring presence in the region. Despite the changes in nomenclature over millennia, the identity of Armenia as a significant cultural and historical entity remains steadfast.

Artatsolum

Armenia, depicted on one of the oldest inscriptions in the world.