History

Armenian Ghat on the Hoogly River, Calcutta

This image shows the Armenian Ghat by the Hooghly River. It is said to have been built in 1734 by Manvel Hazaar Maliyan (better known in Calcutta society as Huzoorimal), an Armenian Trade merchant.

During the Mughal rule, the Armenians came to Bengal in the 16th century CE for commercial purposes and established a settlement much before the British East India Company set foot in Calcutta.

The community grew very powerful and affluent. The first Armenian Church was built by Akbar in Agra and the settlers’ first commercial settlement in India, in 1562 CE.

They moved to various other cities such as Bombay, Surat, Madras, and Calcutta, trading in textiles, mirrors, guns, and swords, amongst other things.

Establishing themselves in Calcutta, they later developed a friendship with the British enjoying equal privileges and opportunities in society.

The Armenians would use the English ships for trading while the English used the Armenian’s land, language knowledge, and negotiation skills to get concessions from the Mughal courts and increase the company’s trade in the interiors.

One of the earliest pieces of evidence of the Armenian settlement in Kolkata was the tomb of an Armenian woman Rezabeebeh Sookia, near Kolkata’s Armenian Church of Nazareth, dating back to 1630 CE, whereas the church was built in 1688 CE.

— Sarmaya

by Mano Chil

Vigen Avetisyan

Recent Posts

Dadivank and Gandzasar: Two Armenian Monasteries, and the Manufactured Case Against Them

On September 12, 2026, a delegation of some 150 diplomats and representatives from 58 countries,…

1 day ago

The September Days: How the Armenians of Baku Were Massacred in 1918

On September 15, 1918, the oil city of Baku fell to a joint Ottoman-Azerbaijani force,…

3 days ago

From Akroinon to Afyonkarahisar: The Ruined Armenian Church and the Erasure of a 3,000-Year-Old Christian Presence

A case study in the systematic destruction of Armenian heritage in Turkey and Azerbaijan The…

6 days ago

Trampling Through the Centuries: How Baku-Accredited Diplomats “Toured” Gandzasar

On September 11–12, 2026, around 150 diplomats from 58 countries accredited in Baku took part…

6 days ago

Subartu: The Forgotten Northern Deep of Armenian History

A name from the world's oldest archives Long before Urartu, long before "Armenia" appears in…

1 week ago

Gandzasar: A Monastery “Restored” Beyond Recognition

For nearly eight centuries, the cathedral of Gandzasar stood on its hilltop above the Khachen…

1 week ago