The Gospel of Queen Keran: A Masterpiece of Cilician Art

The Gospel of Queen Keran is a remarkable manuscript that stands as a testament to the artistic and cultural achievements of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. This exquisite work, created in 1272 in the capital city of Sis, was commissioned by Queen Keran, the wife of King Levon II. The manuscript is housed in the Armenian Church of Surb Hagop (Saint James) in Jerusalem, where it continues to be a cherished relic of Armenian heritage.

One of the most striking features of this manuscript is a masterfully executed portrait that depicts King Levon II, Queen Keran, and their five children—three sons and two daughters—receiving the Lord’s blessing. This miniature, along with many others in the Gospel, showcases the high level of craftsmanship and artistic elegance characteristic of the Cilician school of miniatures.

The Gospel contains numerous other miniatures that illustrate key episodes from the life of Christ, including the “Annunciation,” “Birth,” “Resurrection of Lazarus,” “Transfiguration,” “Crucifixion,” and “Ascension.” These vivid depictions not only serve a religious purpose but also highlight the artistic prowess of the period.

The manuscript was compiled by the scribe Avetis, but the identity of the artist behind the miniatures remains a mystery. However, it is widely believed that the renowned miniaturist Toros Roslin, a prominent figure in the Cilician school of the second half of the 13th century, may have been responsible for these works. The style and elegance of the miniatures in the Gospel of Queen Keran closely resemble Roslin’s distinctive and celebrated approach.

King Levon II, also known as Levon III in some historical sources, ruled from 1269 to 1289. In 1262, he married Anna, the daughter of Prince Hethum, who later became known as Queen Keran. Together, they had 15 children—eight sons and seven daughters. Queen Keran was known for her kind nature and quickly earned the love and respect of both the courtiers and the common people.

The Gospel of Queen Keran is not just a religious manuscript; it is a window into the rich cultural and artistic heritage of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Its miniatures continue to captivate and inspire, reflecting the enduring legacy of a remarkable queen and her contributions to Armenian art and history.

Artatsolum