Unfortunately, we didn’t manage to find additional information about this fortress and the settlement that was nearby. Approximately after the 9th century, the city was “moved” to a wide plane at the foot of the mountains,
In the 9th-10th centuries, the fortress was located on the trade route between the Arab caliphates and the states of the Black Sea region. In the 11th century, the fortress of Ardahan was conquered by Georgians. In 1236, it was claimed by Tatar-Mongols. Eventually in the 14th century, during the rule of Suleiman I, the Ardahan district was passed to Turkey.
In 1828, Russian troops liberated the fortress from the Turks, and the region became a part of the Russian Empire. In 1920, after the Armenian Genocide, the region was again captured by the Turks, and the Armenian population was forced to move to Eastern Armenia and Georgia.
Unfortunately, only a Turkish map of the region was found. But it has some interesting and known names in the surroundings of the Ardahan district – Erzerum (the ancient Armenian city of Karin – Կարին), Kars, Ardvin (Արդվին).
How a promise made to genocide survivors was traded away for peace with Ankara —…
A Fragment That Traveled Across Continents The gilt-silver medallion shown above — two richly dressed…
Few episodes in ancient Armenian history capture the imagination quite like the tradition that Hannibal…
Five angles of one small bronze figure — and what emerges is not an abstract…
Introduction Among the successor states that emerged from the fragmentation of the Achaemenid-derived Orontid (Armenian:…
Article based on the explanations and interpretive observations of Angela Terian, with additional archaeological and…