According to modern generally accepted opinion, the most probable area of origin for cultivated wheat is located in the territory of historical Armenia. This region is home to three of the few wild wheat species in the world: Boeotian wheat (Triticum boeoticum), Urartu wheat (Triticum urartu), and Ararat wheat (Triticum araraticum). The latter two species were first discovered in Armenia and are characterized by intraspecific diversity, with more than 110 varieties.
Discovery of Wild Wheat in Armenia
The discovery of wild wheat in Armenia is credited to the renowned botanist M. G. Tumanyan, who found them in 1925 on the eastern and southeastern outskirts of Yerevan. These findings piqued the interest of Academician N. I. Vavilov, who visited Armenia in 1934. After studying the wild wheat habitats, Vavilov wrote: “I had to study numerous countries that are considered ancient agricultural, but it is difficult to find a richer, more interesting place than Shorbulakh. I would definitely suggest allocating a plot of land here, 50-100 hectares in area, providing special care for it, so that this interesting document of world significance is preserved.”
Preservation of Genetic Diversity
This valuable and ancient genetic fund of wild grains, along with other endangered rare species, has existed in the vicinity of Yerevan on tertiary variegated clays for millions of years. However, the development and expansion of the city threatened these important habitats. To protect these areas, the Erebuni Reserve was established in May 1981, covering an area of 89 hectares.
Significance of the Erebuni Reserve
The Erebuni Reserve plays a crucial role in preserving the genetic diversity of wild wheat species and other rare plants. It serves as a living document of world significance, showcasing the rich agricultural heritage of historical Armenia. The reserve ensures that these ancient species continue to thrive, providing valuable insights into the origins and evolution of cultivated wheat.
In conclusion, the territory of historical Armenia holds a significant place in the history of agriculture, particularly in the origin and diversity of cultivated wheat. The discovery and preservation of wild wheat species in this region highlight the importance of protecting our natural heritage for future generations.
