Argishtikhinili, known today as Armavir (Արմավիր), is an ancient city that once thrived in the Van Kingdom, also known by its Assyrian name, Urartu. Founded by King Argishti I on the left bank of the Araks River, this city stands as a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of ancient Armenia.
Founding and Location
Established in the 8th century BC, Argishtikhinili was named in honor of its founder, King Argishti I. The city was strategically located in the middle reaches of the Araks River, approximately 15 kilometers southwest of modern-day Armavir, between the villages of Nor-Armavir and Armavir in the Armavir marz. Over centuries, the riverbed shifted southward, now lying several kilometers away from the ancient ruins.
Historical Significance
King Argishti I, early in his reign around 786 BC, embarked on several military campaigns in the Ararat Valley, Lake Sevan, and the Akhuryan River regions. In 782 BC, he established the fortress of Erebuni as a stronghold for future conquests. Despite facing delays due to clashes with the Assyrians, Argishti I resumed his campaigns in 776 BC, leading to the founding of Argishtikhinili.
Unlike other cities of the time, Argishtikhinili served primarily as an administrative center rather than a military outpost. According to Argishti I’s chronicles, the city was built on the site of an older settlement in the land of Ar, a fact corroborated by archaeological findings that reveal cultural layers dating from the third to the first millennia BC.
City Layout and Infrastructure
Argishtikhinili was designed with a rectangular layout, stretching two kilometers in width and five kilometers in length. The city featured stone fortresses-citadels at its eastern and western ends, while irrigation canals ran along its long sides, totaling about forty kilometers in length. The economic zone, spread across several hills, housed various city buildings. Massive brick fortress walls, complete with towering corner structures, encircled the city.
The fertile lands of the Ararat Valley enabled the inhabitants to cultivate cereals and grapes, and to raise poultry and pigs. The city also boasted developed pottery and blacksmithing industries, contributing to its economic prosperity.
Decline and Legacy
The decline of Argishtikhinili, mirroring the fate of the entire Ararat kingdom, began during the reign of Sarduri II following his defeat by the Assyrians. By 600 BC, the city was presumably captured and burned by the Medes or Scythians.
In the fourth century BC, the site of Argishtikhinili saw the rise of Armavir. By 331 BC, following Armenia’s independence from the Achaemenid Empire under the Yervandid dynasty, Armavir was chosen as the capital of Armenia, continuing the legacy of this ancient city.
Argishtikhinili stands as a remarkable chapter in the history of ancient Armenia. Its ruins, though silent, speak volumes about the ingenuity and resilience of its people. As we uncover more about this ancient city, we gain deeper insights into the rich tapestry of Armenia’s past.
(Note: This article is based on historical texts and archaeological findings. For further reading, explore works on the history of the Van Kingdom and ancient Armenian cities.)
